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So after the egg and sperm unite, the resulting cells will also have three copies of chromosome 21. Each year, about 6,000 babies are born in the United States with Down syndrome, a disorder caused by abnormal cell division that results in an extra chromosome, specifically chromosome 21. Almost all Down syndrome cases result from complete trisomy 21. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is an extra full or partial chromosome 21. Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. The complete extra copy of chromosome 21 is in all of the person's cells—or a complete trisomy. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.Chromosome 21 is both the smallest human autosome and chromosome, with 48 million nucleotides (the building material of DNA) representing about 1.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.Most people have two copies of chromosome 21, while those with three copies of chromosome 21 have Down syndrome, also called "trisomy 21". Changes involving chromosome 21 can include a missing segment of the chromosome in each cell (partial monosomy 21) and a circular structure called ring chromosome 21. Description: Cri du Chat syndrome results from missing a piece of chromosome 5. 47There are 47 chromosomes in someone with Down syndrome; the 21st pair has an extra chromosome. Chromosome 21q deletion is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is a missing copy of the genetic material located on the long arm (q) of chromosome 21.
In translocation Down syndrome, the extra 21 chromosome may be attached to the #14 chromosome, or to #s13, 15, or 22. That means that there is a partial or complete third copy of the chromosome 21.

A ring chromosome occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places and the ends of the chromosome arms fuse together to form a … If this egg or sperm is fertilized, then the baby will have 3 copies of chromosome number 21. Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an extra copy of genetic material on chromosome 21, either in whole (trisomy 21) or part (such as due to translocations).The effects of the extra copy varies greatly from individual to individual, depending on the extent of the extra copy, genetic background, environmental factors, and random chance. In some cases, two #21 chromosomes can be attached to each other. It is caused by an extra chromosome 21, which has hundreds of genes. Most people have 46 chromosomes. This may cause translocation Down syndrome. A mother’s age at her child’s birth is the only factor linked to the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.